[Intrusion of primary teeth: case reports]. / Intrusion af primaere taender: et kasuistisk bidrag.

Three cases of intrusion of primary teeth are described. In all cases the intruded primary tooth was left without treatment and the tooth did not re-erupt. After eruption of the succedaneous permanent tooth the primary tooth was surgically removed. There was damage to the permanent tooth in two of the three cases.

[Epidemiology of dental trauma in Denmark: overview and some new points of information]. / Dental traume epidemiologi i Danmark: en oversigt med enkelte nye oplysninger.

It is virtually impossible to compare the results of the many studies of traumatic dental injuries, primarily because information is lacking or inaccurate. Another reason, however, is that the basic materials differ substantially. Most studies are based on special groups comprising trauma patients exclusively, and furthermore these are often selected patients, although this fact is not always made clear. In recent years a number of Danish studies have attempted to examine the trauma problem on a population basis. The results of these studies are discussed, a few new results are added and attention is pointed out to problems needing further investigation.

Follow-up study of permanent incisors with complicated crown fractures after acute trauma.

Complicated fractures occur in 3.5% of acute traumatized incisors. A pulp exposure results in almost all cases in endodontic treatment. The present investigation evaluated the prognosis for the different types of endodontic treatments following complicated crown fractures. Only incisors with an observation period of more than 23 months are included; the material comprises 301 incisors. Pulp capping was successful in 90.5% of the cases. There was a clear tendency for a positive correlation between the stage of the root development and the success rate of the endodontic treatment. In cases with pulpotomy ZnO/eugenol cement or calcium hydroxide was used as amputation material. The pulp reactions following the different treatments are discussed. If calcium hydroxide was used 90% was successful, while in cases with ZnO/eugenol cement as amputation material 8.9% developed necrosis of the pulp and 34.4% showed an undesirable reaction with formation of hard tissue barrier or obliteration. The healing frequency was 83.9% for teeth treated with pulpectomy but there was a clear correlation between the standard of the root filling and the success rate. For all three treatment groups there was a correlation between damage to the supportive tissue and treatment success.

Follow-up study of permanent incisors with enamel-dentin fractures after acute trauma.

The present investigation evaluated the prognosis for vitality after an acute trauma in 3144 permanent incisors with enamel-dentin fracture as the only damage and in 923 incisors with enamel-dentin fracture combined with other symptoms on the damaged tooth. The teeth were examined at regular intervals. The observation time was more than 2 years in the case of 78.9% of the material. Pulpal necrosis developed in 250 teeth (6.1%). Pulp death occurred in 3.2% of teeth with enamel-dentin fracture as the only damage. The combination of enamel-dentin fracture and concussion resulted in pulpal necrosis in 5.8% and cases involving both concussion and mobility showed pulpal necrosis in 30.1% of teeth. A registration of the enamel-dentin fracture based on the extent of dentin exposure was undertaken. The relationship between extent of dentin exposure and pulpal necrosis as well as influence of treatment on pulpal necrosis was clearly illustrated. It is concluded that information on damage to the mineralized tissue without details of damage occurring at the same time to supportive tissue is of doubtful value in assessing the prognosis.

Follow-up study of permanent incisors with enamel fractures as a result of an acute trauma.

The present investigation evaluated the prognosis for vitality after an acute trauma in 2891 permanent incisors with enamel fracture as the only damage, and in 476 incisors with enamel fracture combined with other symptoms on the damaged tooth. Pulpal necrosis developed in 57 teeth (1.7%). Acute treatment in connection with enamel fracture was only performed in half of the cases and had no importance on vitality. The combination of enamel fracture and concussion or mobility resulted in pulpal necrosis in 8.5% of cases, and cases involving both mobility and concussion meant pulpal necrosis in 14% of teeth. The findings clearly illustrated that an enamel fracture is an injury with an extremely favorable prognosis, and that the risk group can be narrowed to cases of combined injuries involving the supportive tissue.

Longitudinal study of occlusion in the primary dentition in 3- and 7-year-old children.

The material for the study comprises plaster models of 269 Copenhagen children, the impressions for which were taken during the month each child attained the ages of 3 and 7 years. A comparison was made of occlusion in the single child in the period. The study illustrates clearly that the same given percentage in two age groups is by no means a guarantee that there have been no changes. The canine relationships in particular are unstable during the period of study. The only stable occlusion is distal occlusion in the primary dentition. This occlusion is invariably maintained and is always transferred unchanged to the permanent dentition.

Sucking habits and occlusion in 3-year-old children.

The material for the present study comprises plaster models of 310 Copenhagen children, impressions for which were taken during the month each child attained the age of 3 years. The occlusion was related to information concerning the child's sucking habits up to the time of the study. The effect of sucking habits of sagittal occlusion was observed in the canine region and the molar region. A higher proportion of distal canine relationships was recorded in children who continued to suck dummies at the age of 3 years than among finger-suckers of children who have never sucked. In primary second molar region no significant difference was recorded between the various sucking groups. The open bite is clearly dominant among children who persist with a sucking habit.